In 2009, Tanzania became the first country in Africa to survey violence against both girls and boys through a Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS). The findings alarmed policymakers and catalysed fifteen years of legal, institutional and programmatic reform.
The second survey, completed in 2024, recorded substantial declines in every form of violence measured. Because each round surveys a different nationally representative sample, the surveys show what changed but cannot explain how or for whom. This qualitative study was designed to answer these questions.
